The concept of the "4 basic goods" is often associated with natural law theory, particularly as articulated by philosophers like John Finnis. These goods are considered fundamental aspects of human flourishing and are seen as intrinsically valuable, meaning they are good in themselves and not merely as means to other ends. Here are the four basic goods:

1. Life: This refers to the preservation and promotion of human life. It includes physical health, safety, and the overall well-being of individuals. Life is considered a fundamental good because it is the foundation upon which all other goods are built.

2. Knowledge: This good involves the pursuit of truth and understanding. It includes education, intellectual growth, and the appreciation of art and culture. Knowledge is valued because it allows individuals to make informed decisions and to understand the world around them.

3. Sociability (Friendship): This good pertains to the relationships and interactions between individuals. It includes friendship, love, community, and social justice. Sociability is important because humans are inherently social beings who thrive in relationships and communities.

4. Play: This good involves activities that are enjoyable and done for their own sake. It includes recreation, leisure, and the arts. Play is valued because it contributes to the overall well-being and happiness of individuals, providing a necessary balance to work and other responsibilities.

These four basic goods are considered universal and objective, meaning they are applicable to all human beings regardless of culture or personal preference. They provide a framework for understanding what is fundamentally valuable in human life and serve as a basis for ethical decision-making.