Dogs primarily engage in activities that fulfill their physical, mental, and social needs. Here are some of the main things dogs do:

1. Sleeping: Dogs spend a significant portion of their day sleeping, often around 12-14 hours, depending on their age, breed, and activity level.

2. Eating: Dogs typically eat one to two meals a day, though this can vary based on their diet and health needs.

3. Playing: Play is essential for a dog's mental and physical well-being. They enjoy activities like fetching, tug-of-war, and running around.

4. Exercising: Regular walks, runs, or other forms of exercise are crucial for a dog's health. This helps them burn off energy and stay fit.

5. Socializing: Dogs are social animals and often interact with other dogs, humans, and sometimes other pets. This can include playing, sniffing, and communicating through body language and vocalizations.

6. Exploring: Dogs love to explore their environment, often using their keen sense of smell to investigate new scents and areas.

7. Grooming: Dogs groom themselves by licking their fur and paws. They may also rely on their owners for regular grooming, such as brushing and bathing.

8. Protecting: Many dogs have a natural instinct to protect their home and family. They may bark at strangers or unusual noises to alert their owners.

9. Training: Dogs often engage in training sessions with their owners to learn commands, tricks, and good behavior. This also provides mental stimulation.

10. Bonding: Dogs spend time bonding with their human family members through cuddling, following them around, and seeking attention and affection.

These activities help dogs stay healthy, happy, and well-adjusted. The specific balance of these activities can vary depending on the individual dog's breed, age, and personality.