Dried biscuits, also known as hardtack or ship's biscuit, have a long history dating back to ancient times. These simple and durable food items were a staple for sailors, soldiers, and travelers due to their long shelf life and resistance to spoilage. They were especially popular during long sea voyages when fresh food was scarce. But what exactly were dried biscuits called, and how did they come to be known by different names throughout history?

Hardtack, one of the most common names for dried biscuits, originated in the early 19th century and was widely used by the military as a portable and long-lasting ration. The term "hardtack" is derived from the Dutch word "hardgebak," meaning hard-baked, reflecting the dense and tough nature of the biscuit. It was a simple combination of flour, water, and salt, baked into a hard and dry cracker-like form. Despite its basic ingredients, hardtack provided a substantial source of sustenance for soldiers on the battlefield or sailors on long voyages.

Another term for dried biscuits is ship's biscuit, a name that highlights the biscuit's association with maritime travel. Ship's biscuit has been a common provision on sailing vessels for centuries, serving as a reliable source of sustenance for sailors who endured harsh conditions at sea. The name "ship's biscuit" emphasizes the biscuit's role as a staple food item on ships, where fresh food was scarce and preservation methods were limited. The biscuit's durability and long shelf life made it a practical choice for extended sea journeys.

In addition to hardtack and ship's biscuit, dried biscuits have been known by various other names depending on the region and time period. In the British Navy, dried biscuits were often referred to as "sea biscuits" or "dog biscuits," highlighting their association with naval traditions and the harsh realities of life at sea. These alternative names offer insights into the cultural significance and practical use of dried biscuits in different contexts.

Despite the different names used to refer to dried biscuits, their importance as a portable and long-lasting food source remains consistent throughout history. Whether known as hardtack, ship's biscuit, sea biscuits, or dog biscuits, these simple yet resilient food items played a crucial role in sustaining individuals during challenging circumstances. The varied titles for dried biscuits reflect the diverse cultural and historical contexts in which they were utilized, showcasing the enduring legacy of these humble yet essential provisions.