Dogs, scientifically known as Canis lupus familiaris, are classified within the biological taxonomy system as follows:

1. Domain: Eukarya

   • Dogs are eukaryotic organisms, meaning their cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

2. Kingdom: Animalia

   • Dogs are multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that belong to the animal kingdom.

3. Phylum: Chordata

   • Dogs are chordates, meaning they possess a notochord (at some stage of development), a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail.

4. Class: Mammalia

   • Dogs are mammals, characterized by the presence of hair or fur, mammary glands (which produce milk to nourish their young), and three middle ear bones.

5. Order: Carnivora

   • Dogs belong to the order Carnivora, which includes mammals that are primarily meat-eaters, though many, including dogs, are omnivorous.

6. Family: Canidae

   • Dogs are part of the Canidae family, which includes other canids such as wolves, foxes, coyotes, and jackals.

7. Genus: Canis

   • Dogs are classified under the genus Canis, which includes closely related species like wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (Canis latrans).

8. Species: Canis lupus familiaris

   • Dogs are a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), specifically domesticated and bred for various traits over thousands of years.

Additional Notes:

• Dogs are considered a domesticated subspecies of the gray wolf, and their classification reflects their close evolutionary relationship with wolves.
• The domestication of dogs is believed to have occurred between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago, making them one of the first domesticated animals.

In summary, dogs are classified as Canis lupus familiaris within the broader framework of the animal kingdom, specifically as mammals in the order Carnivora and the family Canidae.