The invention of the first electric starter is credited to Charles F. Kettering, an American engineer and inventor. Kettering developed the electric starter in 1911 while working for the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO), which he co-founded. This innovation revolutionized the automotive industry by eliminating the need for hand-cranking, a dangerous and labor-intensive method of starting early automobiles.

The Problem with Hand-Cranking

Before the electric starter, cars were started using a hand crank. This process required the driver to physically turn a crank at the front of the car, which engaged the engine's flywheel. Hand-cranking was not only physically demanding but also hazardous. If the engine backfired, the crank could kick back violently, causing injuries such as broken wrists or arms. This issue was particularly problematic for women and older drivers, limiting the accessibility of automobiles.

Kettering's Breakthrough

Kettering, who had previously worked on electrical systems for cash registers and other devices, saw an opportunity to apply electric motors to automobiles. His idea was to use an electric motor to turn the engine over, eliminating the need for hand-cranking. In 1911, he successfully developed a compact and reliable electric starter motor, which was first tested on a Cadillac.

The electric starter was powered by a battery and operated through a key or button, making it much safer and more convenient. Kettering's design also integrated a generator to recharge the battery, creating a self-sustaining electrical system for the car.

Adoption by the Automotive Industry

The electric starter was first introduced commercially in the 1912 Cadillac Model 30, thanks to the support of Cadillac's general manager, Henry M. Leland. Leland had a personal motivation to adopt the technology after a friend died from injuries sustained while hand-cranking a car. The success of the electric starter in Cadillac vehicles quickly led to its adoption by other automakers, and by the 1920s, it had become a standard feature in most cars.

Kettering's Legacy

Charles Kettering's invention of the electric starter was a pivotal moment in automotive history. It made cars more accessible, safer, and easier to operate, contributing significantly to the growth of the automobile industry. Kettering went on to become a prolific inventor, holding over 140 patents, and served as the head of research for General Motors for many years. His work laid the foundation for modern automotive electrical systems and innovations.

In summary, the electric starter was invented by Charles F. Kettering in 1911, and its introduction marked a turning point in the evolution of automobiles, making them more user-friendly and paving the way for the widespread adoption of cars in the 20th century.